StickyOffice

Hades

2005-04-04T15:30:00.000-07:00

In the Greek Old Testament, translation of the Hebrew Sheol, the dwelling place of the dead. See hell.

Monchique Mountains

2005-04-03T07:36:00.000-07:00

Portuguese Serra De Monchique, low mountain range forming the frontier between Beja and Faro districts, southern Portugal, near Cape Saint Vincent, the southwestern extremity of the Iberian Peninsula. A dissected igneous rock (syenite) massif, its highest point is La Foia (2,960 ft [902 m]). The range is famous for its wild and generally varied plant life, as well as for its spas with medicinal waters (Caldas de

Tarakan Island

2005-04-03T06:47:00.000-07:00

Indonesian Pulau Tarakan island in Kalimantan Timur provinsi (“province”), Indonesia. It is situated in the eastern Celebes Sea, off the northeastern coast of Borneo. The island occupies an area of 117 square miles (303 square km) and has a length of approximately 10 miles (16 km). Its coastal area is low and swampy, and there are oil fields on the southwestern coast. During World War II the island was captured (January

Cinerama

2005-04-02T08:38:00.000-08:00

In motion pictures, a process in which three synchronized movie projectors each project one-third of the picture on a wide, curving screen. Many viewers believe that the screen, which thus annexes their entire field of vision, gives a sense of reality unmatched by the flat screen. Invented by the New York City photographer Fred Waller, the first Cinerama movie, This

Literature

2005-04-01T16:15:00.000-08:00

The predominant theme of 2001 was literature that chronicled the ordeals of political prisoners in a number of Arab countries. Works defined as “prison literature” were authored by freed political prisoners motivated to speak out by the relative freedom in the past two years in their countries. Writing in French,

China, Riots and protests

2005-04-01T00:20:00.000-08:00

On May 4, 1919, patriotic students in Peking protested the decision at the Versailles Peace Conference that Japan should retain defeated Germany's rights and possessions in Shantung. Many students were arrested in the rioting that followed. Waves of protest spread throughout the major cities of China. Merchants closed their shops, banks suspended business, and workers

Rasmussen, Poul Nyrup

2005-03-31T23:02:00.000-08:00

When Prime Minister Poul Schlüter was forced from office by Denmark's ongoing "Tamilgate" affair on Jan. 14, 1993, Poul Nyrup Rasmussen, the leader of the Social Democrats, was faced not only with the challenge of forming a new government but also with the task of overseeing Denmark's key second referendum on the Maastricht Treaty. Furthermore, the country had just taken over

Quandong Nut

2005-03-31T03:56:00.000-08:00

Edible seed of the native peach (Santalum acuminatum), a small shrubby tree of the sandalwood family (Santalaceae), native to Australia. Unlike other members of this family, the native peach is grown for its fruit and nuts rather than for its wood. The nutritious, red, pulpy flesh of the fruit is used in jams, pies, and chutneys. The hard-shelled, edible nuts are customarily

Hsiung Shih-li

2005-03-29T08:47:00.000-08:00

Hsiung was an anti-Manchu revolutionary in early youth, but after the age of 30 he devoted himself wholly to philosophy. He first studied metaphysical idealism in the

Moser-pröll, Annemarie

2005-03-28T07:00:00.000-08:00

Pröll skied from the age of four. She tried out for the Austrian national ski team at the age of 15. Her Olympic Winter Games success came late. She won silver medals for the downhill and the giant slalom at the 1972 Winter Games in Sapporo, Japan,

Davis, Benjamin O., Jr.

2005-03-28T02:45:00.000-08:00

Davis studied at the University of Chicago before entering the United States Military Academy at West Point,

Pacific Mountain System, Recreation

2005-03-27T22:16:00.000-08:00

The Pacific mountain system is one of North America's great playgrounds. Large numbers of tourists and outdoors enthusiasts are attracted to the region's magnificent scenery and its varied, year-round recreational opportunities. More than a dozen national parks, monuments, and recreation areas are scattered throughout the ranges, as well as dozens of provincial,

Eagles, The, Don Henley

2005-03-27T15:39:00.000-08:00

Arabian Religion, South Arabia

2005-03-27T03:25:00.000-08:00

From the middle of the 2nd millennium BC a sedentary agrarian civilization developed in Yemen in the oases along the edge of the desert. The people of this civilization had gradually mastered techniques enabling them to accumulate water from seasonal mountain rivers and distribute it into extensive irrigation systems. At the end of the 8th century appeared the oldest

Encyclopaedia, Contributors

2005-03-25T09:10:00.000-08:00

In sympathy with many of their various ends, many scholars have contributed to encyclopaedias. Not all their contributions are known because, until recently, it was not the custom to sign articles. Even today there is what amounts to partial concealment in that articles are often initialled only, and, although a key is provided, few readers look up the writer's identity.

Elgar, Sir Edward

2005-03-24T22:03:00.000-08:00

The son of an organist and music dealer, Elgar left school at age 15 and worked briefly in

Arts, Islamic, Stringed instruments

2005-03-24T11:03:00.000-08:00

Chordophones, or stringed instruments, constitute the most important family. The favourite instrument of Islamic classical music is the 'ud, a short-necked lute having four or five strings and resembling the Western lute, which derived from the 'ud. In addition to holding musical supremacy, it was important in medieval theoretical and cosmological speculations. It

Oshkosh

2005-03-23T22:13:00.000-08:00

City, seat (1847) of Winnebago county, east-central Wisconsin, U.S. It lies on the west shore of Lake Winnebago at the mouth of the upper Fox River, 80 miles (130 km) north-northwest of Milwaukee. The French were active in the area from the late 17th century, and the lake and river formed an important link in a main route from the Great Lakes to the Mississippi River. Permanent settlement did

Botanical Garden

2005-03-23T22:03:00.000-08:00

Also called Botanic Garden, originally, a collection of living plants designed chiefly to illustrate relationships within plant groups. In modern times, most botanical gardens are concerned primarily with exhibiting ornamental plants, insofar as possible in a scheme that emphasizes natural relationships. Thus, the two functions are blended: eye appeal and taxonomic order. Plants that

Agassiz, Elizabeth Cabot

2005-03-23T09:43:00.000-08:00

Elizabeth Cary was related to many of Boston's leading families. She received no formal schooling but acquired a somewhat haphazard education at home. In April 1850 she married the distinguished and recently

Frederick William

2005-03-21T15:52:00.000-08:00

Elector of Hesse-Kassel from 1847 after 16 years' co-regency with his father; he was noted for his reactionary stand against liberalizing trends manifested during the revolutionary events of 1848. In 1850 he re-instated an unpopular adviser, Hans Daniel Hassenpflug, who called on the German Confederation to restore by force the authority of the elector. At the end of

Pythagoras

2005-03-21T07:17:00.000-08:00

Pythagoras migrated in his youth to Rhegium. He made a statue of Philoctetes, noted for the physical

Islam, Sacred places and days

2005-03-20T23:31:00.000-08:00

The most sacred place for Muslims is the Ka'bah sanctuary at Mecca, the object of the annual pilgrimage. It is much more than a mosque; it is believed to be the place where the heavenly bliss and power touches the earth directly. According to Muslim tradition, the Ka'bah was built by Abraham. The Prophet's mosque in Medina is the next in sanctity. Jerusalem follows in third

Sunda Strait

2005-03-19T16:38:00.000-08:00

Indonesian Selat Sunda channel, 16–70 miles (26–110 km) wide, between the islands of Java (east) and Sumatra, that links the Java Sea (Pacific) with the Indian Ocean (south). There are several volcanic islands within the strait, the most famous of which is Krakatoa, which erupted in 1883, destroying 300 towns and villages and killing about 36,000 people. The strait was the scene of an encounter between U.S. and Japanese forces in

Pendergast, Thomas J(oseph)

2005-03-18T16:34:00.000-08:00

Pendergast went to Kansas City in 1893, where he learned the rudiments of municipal politics from precinct captains and where, by 1916, he had become political boss of Kansas

Deep-scattering Layer

2005-03-18T16:09:00.000-08:00

Horizontal zone of living organisms, usually schools of fish, occurring below the surface in many ocean areas, so called because the layer scatters or reflects sound waves, causing echoes in depth sounders. Originally mistaken by some for the ocean bottom, the deep-scattering layer was later observed to rise toward the surface in the evening and to sink again at dawn,

Cost

2005-03-18T15:14:00.000-08:00

In common usage, the monetary value of goods and services that producers and consumers purchase. In a basic economic sense cost is the measure of the alternative opportunities foregone in the choice of one good or activity over others. This fundamental cost is usually referred to as opportunity cost. For a consumer with a fixed income, the opportunity cost of purchasing

Saramacca

2005-03-17T13:46:00.000-08:00

Creole language, based on English, spoken by Bush Negroes in the Guianas. See Sranantonga.

Malakula

2005-03-17T03:10:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Malekula, French Mallicolo, second largest island (781 square miles [2,023 square km]) of Vanuatu, in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. Volcanic in origin, it is 55 miles (90 km) long by 23 miles (37 km) wide and lies 20 miles (32 km) south of Espiritu Santo, across the Malo (Bougainville) Strait. Its central mountain range rises to Mount Penot, 2,884 feet (879 m). Harbours on the fertile eastern coast include Port Stanley, Bushman's Bay (former British

Grunt

2005-03-16T15:49:00.000-08:00

Any of about 75 species of marine fishes of the families Pomadasyidae and Banjosidae (order Perciformes). Grunts are found along shores in warm and tropical waters of the major oceans. They are snapperlike but with weaker teeth and are named for the piglike grunts they can produce with their pharyngeal (throat) teeth. Some (genus Haemulon) are further

Ancients And Moderns

2005-03-16T00:00:00.000-08:00

Subject of a celebrated literary dispute that raged in France and England in the 17th century. The “ancients” maintained that classical literature of Greece and Rome offered the only models for literary excellence; the “moderns” challenged the supremacy of the classical writers. The rise of modern science tempted some French intellectuals to assume that, if Descartes

Arabian Sea

2005-03-15T10:25:00.000-08:00

Northwestern part of the Indian Ocean, covering a total area of about 1,491,000 square miles (3,862,000 square kilometres) and forming part of the principal sea route between Europe and India. It is bounded to the west by the Horn of Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, to the north by Iran and Pakistan, to the east by India, and to the south by the remainder of the Indian Ocean. To the north the Gulf

Cohoba

2005-03-14T23:18:00.000-08:00

Also called Yopo, hallucinogenic snuff made from the seeds of a tropical American tree (Piptadenia peregrina) and used by Indians of the Caribbean and South America at the time of early Spanish explorations. DMT (N,N-dimethyltryptamine) and bufotenine (qq.v.) are thought to have been the active principles. Cohoba was inhaled deeply by means of special bilateral tubes.

Heinrich Julius

2005-03-14T18:44:00.000-08:00

A gifted scholar, theologian,

Hades

2005-03-13T11:27:00.000-08:00

Greek Aïdes (“the Unseen”), also called Pluto, or Pluton (“the Rich”), in Greek religion, son of the Titans Cronus and Rhea, and brother of the deities Zeus and Poseidon. After Cronus was killed, the kingdom of the underworld fell by lot to Hades. There he ruled with his queen, Persephone, over the infernal powers and over the dead, in what was often called “the House of Hades,” or simply Hades. Though he supervised the trial and punishment

1848, Revolutions Of

2005-03-13T03:32:00.000-08:00

The revolutionary movement began in Italy with a local revolution in Sicily in January 1848; and, after the revolution

Argentina, The conservative regime, 18801916

2005-03-12T23:11:00.000-08:00

The entire country was now dominated by the National Autonomist Party, which had originally supported Avellaneda's candidacy and was now an alliance of the various groups supporting Roca. These included many of the big ranchers, as well as commercial and business interests who were more than happy with Roca's formula of “peace and efficient administration.” Argentina's

Auriol, Vincent

2005-03-12T05:45:00.000-08:00

After studying law at the University of Toulouse, Auriol was elected to the French Chamber of Deputies in 1914; he soon emerged as a prominent figure in the Socialist Party, leading its parliamentary delegation between 1919 and 1935. He served

Hawke's Bay

2005-03-11T22:40:00.000-08:00

Local government region, eastern North Island, New Zealand. It consists mostly of the hill country fronting Hawke Bay to the east, stretches from the Mahia Peninsula in the northeast to the vicinity of Cape Turnagain in the southeast, and is noted for its rolling sheep lands. The region extends westward to the Huiarau, Maungaharuru, Kaweka, and Ruahine mountain ranges;

Waco

2005-03-11T08:56:00.000-08:00

After the American Civil War Waco became a river-bridge crossing on cattle trails; later its economy was based almost exclusively on cotton,

Fracastoro, Girolamo

2005-03-10T04:31:00.000-08:00

At the University of Padua Fracastoro was a colleague of the astronomer Copernicus. As a physician, he maintained

Medicine, Costs of health care

2005-03-10T00:15:00.000-08:00

The costs to national economics of providing health care are considerable and have been growing at a rapidly increasing rate, especially in countries such as the United States, Germany, and Sweden; the rise in Britain has been less rapid. This trend has been the cause of major concerns in both developed and developing countries. Some of this concern is based upon the

Frederick William

2005-03-09T21:45:00.000-08:00

Musical Notation

2005-03-09T00:10:00.000-08:00

Two developments in musical style in the 20th century have placed great strain upon staff notation: integral serialism—in which the music is controlled by a mathematical system—and indeterminacy, or chance music. In the former, every note in a texture may have its individual dynamic marking and type of attack (for example, in Olivier Messiaen's Mode de valeurs et

Cattaraugus

2005-03-08T22:01:00.000-08:00

County, southwestern New York state, U.S., consisting of a ruggedly hilly region bounded by Cattaraugus Creek to the north and Pennsylvania to the south. It is drained by the Allegheny River and Ischua and Great Valley creeks. Surrounding Allegheny Reservoir are Allegany Indian Reservation and Allegany State Park, both of which are the largest of their kind in the

Trans-kalahari Highway

2005-03-08T16:10:00.000-08:00

In March 1998 the residents of Botswana and Namibia met at Buitepos on the border between the two countries to inaugurate formally the Trans-Kalahari Highway. The new road formed part of the strategic coast-to-coast route that linked Maputo, Mozambique, on the Indian Ocean to Walvis Bay on the Atlantic coastline of Namibia. It was designed to serve as the backbone of an

Czechoslovak Region, History Of

2005-03-07T13:19:00.000-08:00

The modern states of the Czech Republic and Slovakia came into being on Jan. 1, 1993, with the dissolution of the Czechoslovak federation. Czechoslovakia itself had been formed in 1918 at the end of World War I, following the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian empire.

Bach, Johann Sebastian, Early years

2005-03-07T05:57:00.000-08:00

J.S. Bach was born at Eisenach, Thuringia, on March 21, 1685, the youngest child of Johann Ambrosius Bach and Elisabeth Lämmerhirt. Ambrosius was a string player, employed by the town council and the ducal court of Eisenach. Johann Sebastian started school in 1692 or 1693 and did well in spite of frequent absences. Of his musical education at this time, nothing definite is known; however,

Ubico (castañeda), Jorge

2005-03-06T05:20:00.000-08:00

Ubico received a commission in the Guatemalan army in 1897, distinguished himself in several campaigns, and rose to the rank of colonel. In 1907 he was appointed governor of Alta Verapaz and in 1911 governor of Retalhuleu, where he served with efficiency and honesty. In the following

Tapestry, Collection catalogs

2005-03-06T02:45:00.000-08:00

Important illustrated catalogs of tapestry collections include: A.S. Cavallo, Tapestries of Europe and Colonial Peru in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 2 vol. (1967); D. Du Bon, Tapestries from the Samuel H. Kress Collection at the Philadelphia Museum of Art (1964); H.C. Marillier, The Tapestries at Hampton Court Palace, London, 2nd ed. (1962), and with A.J. Wace, Marlborough Tapestries at Blenheim Palace (1968); N.Y. Biryukova, The Leningrad Hermitage Gothic and Renaissance Tapestries (1966); M. Crick Kuntziger, Musees royaux d'Art et d'Histoire: Catalogues des tapisseries (1956); A.m. Erkelens, Wandtapijten I. Late Goteik en vroege Renaissance, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam (1962); and A.F. Kendrick, Catalogue of Tapestries at the Victoria and Albert Museum (1924). Tapestries of the second half of the 20th century are shown in numerous exhibition catalogs, such as Erika Sellman-Büsching, Tapisserien 1970 bis 1981 (1981); F. Vialet, Tapisseries contemporaines d'Aubusson (1981); Swiss Tapestries, Artists of Today (1981).

Liggett Group Inc.

2005-03-04T13:30:00.000-08:00

In 1849 J.E. Liggett and Brother was established in St. Louis, Mo., by John Edmund Liggett (1826–97) as an outgrowth of a family concern dating to 1822. George S. Myers entered the business in 1873, and in 1878 the company was incorporated as Liggett & Myers Company. By 1885 it was the

Altichiero

2005-03-04T10:42:00.000-08:00

Altichiero began his career in Verona, where he remained for a number of years, although nothing is known of his work from this period. In 1370 he moved to Padua, perhaps at the

Earth, Evidence for polar wandering, continental drift, and seafloor spreading

2005-03-04T01:42:00.000-08:00

Polar wandering, continental drift, and seafloor spreading are all consequences of plate movements. Polar wandering is the movement of a continent relative to the rotational poles or spin axis of the Earth. Continental drift is the movement of one continent relative to another continent, and seafloor spreading is the movement of one block of seafloor relative

Fence

2005-03-04T00:28:00.000-08:00

Barrier erected to confine or exclude people or animals, to define boundaries, or to decorate. Timber, earth, stone, and metal are widely used for fencing. Fences of living plants have been made in many places, such as the hedges of Great Britain and continental Europe and the cactus fences of Latin America. In well-timbered country, such as colonial and 19th-century North

Ear, Human, Vestibular system

2005-03-03T15:46:00.000-08:00

The vestibular system is the apparatus of the inner ear involved in balance. It consists of two structures of the bony labyrinth, the vestibule and the semicircular canals, and the structures of the membranous labyrinth contained within them (Figure 3).

Cat, Domestic

2005-03-03T10:34:00.000-08:00

Also called house cat, (species Felis catus), domesticated member of the family Felidae, order Carnivora. Like all felids, domestic cats, the smallest members of the family, are characterized by supple, low-slung bodies, finely molded heads, long tails that aid in balance, and specialized teeth and claws that adapt them admirably to a life of active hunting. Domestic cats possess other features

China, Attacks on party members

2005-03-03T08:32:00.000-08:00

Gradual transference of the revolution to top echelons of the party was managed by a group centred on Mao Zedong, Lin Biao, Jiang Qing, Kang Sheng, and Chen Boda. In May 1966 Mao secretly assigned major responsibilities to the army in cultural and educational affairs. Another purpose of the Cultural Revolution, as then conceived, would be a “revolution in the

Nicetas Of Remesiana

2005-03-03T02:31:00.000-08:00

After becoming bishop of Remesiana (later the Serbian village of Bela Palanka, near the town of Niš) c. 366, Nicetas twice

Eastern Orthodoxy, God and man

2005-03-01T23:15:00.000-08:00

The Greek Fathers of the church always implied that the phrase found in the biblical story of the creation of man (Gen. 1:26), according to “the image and likeness

Naftah

2005-03-01T22:33:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Nefta, oasis town, southwestern Tunisia. It lies on the northwest shore of Al-Jarid saline lake, which is an important source of phosphates. It was known to the Romans as Aggarsel Nepte. Naftah has many small mosques and is a date-growing and trans-Saharan transport centre. The larger oasis of Tawzar (Tozeur) is 15 miles (24 km) east-northeast. Pop. (1984) 15,511; (1989 est.) 17,216.

K.b.e.

2005-03-01T03:20:00.000-08:00

Knight commander of the British Empire, member of the second highest class of a British order of knighthood. See British Empire, The Most Excellent Order of the.

Bruce Family

2005-02-28T07:34:00.000-08:00

The family is descended from Robert de Bruce (d. 1094?), a Norman knight who came to England with William I the Conqueror and who was awarded by the gift of many

Buhturi, Al-

2005-02-27T18:24:00.000-08:00

Al-Buhturi devoted his early poetry, written between the ages of 16 and 19, to his tribe, the Tayyi'. Sometime after 840 he came to the attention of the prominent poet Abu Tammam, who encouraged his panegyrics and brought him to the caliphal capital of Baghdad. Al-Buhturi met with little success there and returned

Philip I

2005-02-26T22:44:00.000-08:00

Philip was the elder son of Henry I of France by his second wife, Anne of Kiev.

'abd Al-malik

2005-02-26T07:26:00.000-08:00

In general, Umayyad rule was greatly strengthened by 'Abd al-Malik, who enjoyed good relations with the Medinese religious circles, an element with considerable moral influence in the Islamic world. 'Abd al-Malik was more pious than any of his Umayyad predecessors. His long sojourn in Medina had enabled him to know the sentiments of Medinese religious scholars. As caliph,

Západoceský

2005-02-26T06:56:00.000-08:00

Also called Západní Cechy , English Western Bohemia kraj (region), western Czech Republic. It is bordered by Germany on the north and west and by Severoceský, Stredoceský, and Jihoceský kraje on the east. It is surrounded by mountains on its external boundaries and contains a series of hilly ranges running southwest to northeast. The region's only lowland areas are the valleys of the Berounka River and its several tributaries

Madhubani

2005-02-25T22:27:00.000-08:00

Town, north-central Bihar state, northeastern India. It is situated 16 miles (26 km) northeast of Darbhanga town. Madhubani derives its name from the abundance of honey that is to be found in nearby forests (madhu, “honey”; bani, “forest”). Trade in cloth, sugarcane, mangoes, oilseeds, rice, and fish is economically important, and baskets, pottery, handloomed textiles, and wooden furniture

Heim, Albert

2005-02-25T00:06:00.000-08:00

Heim was appointed to the chair of geology at the Federal Polytechnic School in Zürich in 1873. He served as director of the Swiss Geological Commission for 30 years and was professor

Aeon

2005-02-24T13:11:00.000-08:00

The first aeon was said to emanate directly

Literature, United States.

2005-02-24T11:22:00.000-08:00

One might wonder, however,

Smith, Abby Hadassah; And Smith, Julia Evelina

2005-02-23T23:20:00.000-08:00

The Smith sisters, the youngest of five children, lived almost their entire lives at the Connecticut

Arabia, History Of, Himyarites

2005-02-22T20:59:00.000-08:00

Himyar is the Arabic form of the name of a people who appear in the inscriptions as Hmyr and in Greek sources as Homeritai. They occupied the extreme southwest of the peninsula and had their capital at Zafar, a site some nine miles southeast of present-day Yarim, on the motor road from Aden and Ta'izz to San'a'. The first appearance of Himyar in history is in Pliny's Naturalis

Ogden, Peter Skene

2005-02-22T11:06:00.000-08:00

Ogden's parents were American loyalists who had fled to Canada (via England) during the American

Argentina, Resources

2005-02-22T02:16:00.000-08:00

Argentine industry is well served by the country's abundance of energy resources. By the late 20th century the country was self-sufficient in fossil fuels and hydroelectric generation, and it had become a petroleum exporter. Oil deposits are scattered throughout the country. The basin around the Patagonian port of Comodoro Rivadavia is estimated to hold some two-thirds

Valadon, Suzanne

2005-02-21T06:09:00.000-08:00

Valadon was the illegitimate daughter of a laundress, and, even before reaching her teens, she was surviving without her mother's support. She took a variety of jobs, including those of waitress

Allen, Elizabeth Anne Chase Akers

2005-02-20T09:30:00.000-08:00

Elizabeth Chase grew up in Farmington, Maine, where she attended Farmington Academy (later Maine State Teachers College). She is said to have had a poem published in the Boston Olive

Biblical Literature, Old Testament history

2005-02-20T07:51:00.000-08:00

Two current histories of Israel exhibit the full range of historiographical problems and methods relating to the subject: John Bright, A History of Israel (1959); and Martin Noth, Geschichte Israels, 3rd ed. (1956; Eng. trans., The History of Israel, 1958). They differ mainly in where they begin; Bright begins with Abraham, Noth with the federation of tribes that calls itself Israel in the land of Canaan. They disagree about the demonstrability of such a community in the pre-Canaanite times because of their respective assessment of the character of the Pentateuch. Bright assumes that it was intended as a history concerned to record the early past, while Noth assumes that its thematic traditions were intended to define and celebrate the identity of the later Israel and hence do not constitute a usable historical resource about its earliest beginnings. This whole methodological problem in Israelite historiography is lucidly discussed and illustrated in a little book by John Bright—Early Israel in Recent History Writing: A Study in Method (1956). For the use of archaeology, geography, and history of religion in the study of the history of Israel, see George Ernest Wright. Biblical Archaeology, rev. ed. (1962); Luc H. Grollenberg, Atlas van de Bijbel, 3rd ed. (1954; Eng. trans., Atlas of the Bible, 1956); Yehezkel Kaufmann, The Religion of Israel, from Its Beginnings to the Babylonian Exile (1960); and Helmer Ringgren, Israelitische Religion (1963; Eng. trans., 1966).

Qasida

2005-02-20T01:03:00.000-08:00

Plural qasida, also spelled kasida, Arabic qasidah poetic form developed in pre-Islamic Arabia and perpetuated throughout Islamic literary history into the present. It is a laudatory, elegiac, or satiric poem that is found in Arabic, Persian, and many related Asian literatures. The classic qasida is an elaborately structured ode of 60 to 100 lines, maintaining a single end rhyme that runs through the entire piece; the same

Amphibole Asbestos

2005-02-19T13:17:00.000-08:00

A variety of the silicate mineral actinolite (q.v.).

Florencia

2005-02-18T15:20:00.000-08:00

Capital of Caquetá department, southeastern Colombia, in the eastern slopes of the Andean Cordillera (mountains) Oriental, on the Río Orteguaza, a tributary of the Caquetá. It was founded in 1908 by Capuchin missionaries. Cattle raising and rice cultivation are widespread around Florencia. The city also serves as a trading centre for the densely forested lowlands to

Vadakalai

2005-02-18T10:04:00.000-08:00

Sanskrit Uttara-kalarya, one of two Hindu subsects of the Srivaisnava, the other being the Tenkalai. Though the two groups use both Sanskrit and Tamil scriptures, the Vadakalai relies more on Sanskrit texts, such as the Vedas (earliest sacred scriptures of India), the Upanisads (early religiophilosophic texts), and the religious poem the Bhagavadgita. Their main point of disagreement, however, is on the

Skadi

2005-02-18T02:15:00.000-08:00

Old Norse Skaoi in Norse mythology, the giant wife of the sea god Njörd. In order to avenge the death of her father, the giant Thiazi, Skadi took up arms and went to attack the rival tribe of the gods (the Aesir) in Asgard, home of the gods. The Aesir, wanting to appease her anger, offered her the choice of one of their number for a husband, with the stipulation that she choose a god by his legs (or feet)

Locofoco Party

2005-02-17T04:35:00.000-08:00

In U.S. history, radical wing of the Democratic Party, organized in New York City in 1835. Made up primarily of workingmen and reformers, the Locofocos were opposed to state banks, monopolies, paper money, tariffs, and generally any financial policies that seemed to them antidemocratic and conducive to special privilege. The Locofocos received their name (which was later

Amroha

2005-02-16T14:24:00.000-08:00

Town, northwestern Uttar Pradesh state, northern India, west-northwest of Moradabad town, on the Sot River. A marketplace for agricultural produce, its chief industries are hand-loom weaving, pottery making, and sugar milling. Colleges of Agra University are located there, as is the shrine of Sheikh Saddu, a Muslim saint. Amroha is connected by rail with Moradabad and Delhi. Pop.

Shahdol

2005-02-16T11:19:00.000-08:00

The surrounding

Calabazilla

2005-02-16T00:46:00.000-08:00

Also called Missouri Gourd, or Wild Pumpkin (Cucurbita foetidissima), perennial prostrate vine of the gourd family (Cucurbitaceae), native to southwestern North America. A calabazilla has triangular, long-stalked, finely toothed leaves, yellow flowers about 6.3 to 10.2 cm (2.5 to 4 inches) wide, and inedible, orange-shaped, predominantly green fruits with yellow stripes and markings. Although an unattractive plant with a

Bottrop

2005-02-15T10:43:00.000-08:00

City, North Rhine-Westphalia Land (state), northwestern Germany. It lies at the northern edge of the Ruhr industrial region, on the Rhine-Herne Canal, northwest of Essen. Although mentioned in the Middle Ages, it remained a small peasant community until coal was discovered there in the latter part of the 19th century. Most of its churches and public buildings date from after

Cambric

2005-02-15T00:17:00.000-08:00

Lightweight, closely woven, plain cotton cloth first made in Cambrai, France, and originally a fine linen fabric. Printed cambric was used in London by 1595 for bands, cuffs, and ruffs. Modern cambric is made from choice American or Egyptian cotton, with both warp and weft, or filling, yarns ranging from 60 to 80 in size (count), and is usually lightly calendered to produce a slight gloss

Masjed Soleyman

2005-02-14T21:21:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Masjid-i Sulaiman, town, southwestern Iran. Oil was discovered at Masjed Soleyman in 1908, and the town early became one of Iran's leading oil centres. Pipelines, built in 1909–10, link the town with Abadan, 125 miles (200 km) southwest. Pop. (1986) 104,787.

Sea Crayfish

2005-02-14T13:52:00.000-08:00

Any of several lobster species of the family Palinuridae. See lobster.

Babbler

2005-02-13T21:51:00.000-08:00

Also called Chatterer, any of more than 250 Old World songbirds of the family Timaliidae (order Passeriformes); they are treated by many authorities as a subfamily of the Muscicapidae (q.v.). Noted for their continual and rapid vocalizations, babblers are sometimes called babbling thrushes or chatterers. The name babbler is often used in compound form suggesting habitat, appearance, or behaviour:

Dorris, Michael Anthony

2005-02-13T16:58:00.000-08:00

American writer whose best-known book, the 1989 National Book Award-winning The Broken Cord, chronicled the struggle his adopted son faced as a result of fetal alcohol syndrome; suffering from chronic depression, separated from his wife, writer Louise Erdrich, and facing legal difficulties, Dorris took his own life (b. Jan 30, 1945--found dead April 11, 1997).

Malathion

2005-02-12T16:34:00.000-08:00

Trade name for an organic phosphorus compound that is a general-purpose insecticide considerably less toxic to humans than parathion and is thus suited for the control of household and garden insects. It is important in the control of mosquitoes, flies, and lice. Malathion is a yellow-to-brown liquid with a characteristic unpleasant odour. It is generally prepared

Koch, Kenneth Jay

2005-02-12T14:16:00.000-08:00

American poet, writer, and teacher (b. Feb. 27, 1925, Cincinnati, Ohio—d. July 6, 2002, New York, N.Y.), was known for verse that combined modernism with lyricism and that conveyed a sense of enthusiasm and fun. The subject matter was wide in range and included ordinary objects and references to popular culture. At the same time, Koch's poetry could be learned and technically sophisticated, reflecting

Viedma

2005-02-11T18:51:00.000-08:00

City, capital of Río Negro provincia, south-central Argentina. It lies along the western bank of the Negro River 20 miles (32 km) from the river's mouth at the Atlantic Ocean, opposite Carmen de Patagones in Buenos Aires province. A fort called Mercedes de Patagones, built there in 1779 by the explorer Francisco de Viedma, was the capital of the Patagonian territory until the Río

Fagaras

2005-02-11T04:57:00.000-08:00

Hungarian Fogaras, town, Brasov judet (county), central Romania. It lies north of the Fagaras Mountains, a range of the Transylvanian Alps (Southern Carpathian Mountains), on the Olt River. First mentioned in documents in 1291, Fagaras became a military centre during the Middle Ages. The Fagaras Castle, built during the 15th century and now restored to its original form, is one of the outstanding examples of medieval

World War I, The Schlieffen Plan

2005-02-10T10:21:00.000-08:00

Years before 1914, successive chiefs of the German general staff had been foreseeing Germany's having to fight a war on two fronts at the same time, against Russia in the east and France in the west, whose combined strength was numerically superior to the Central Powers'. The elder Helmuth von Moltke, chief of the German general staff from 1858 to 1888, decided that Germany should stay

Juruá River

2005-02-10T01:27:00.000-08:00

Portuguese Rio Juruá, Spanish Río Yuruá, river that rises in the highlands east of the Ucayali River in Loreto department, Peru. It flows northward through Acre state, Brazil. Entering Amazonas state, Brazil, it meanders eastward and then east-northeastward, emptying into the stretch of the Amazon River known as the Solimões River, near Tamaniquá. The most winding river in the Amazon basin, the Juruá is calculated

Angus, Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl Of

2005-02-09T10:07:00.000-08:00

By his second marriage in 1514 to the queen dowager Margaret Tudor, Angus aroused the jealousy of the nobles. Margaret was supplanted in 1515 as regent and guardian of the infant James V by the Duke

Leaf Monkey

2005-02-09T07:35:00.000-08:00

Species of langur (q.v.).

StickyOffice

Hades

Monchique Mountains

Tarakan Island

Cinerama

Literature

China, Riots and protests

Rasmussen, Poul Nyrup

Quandong Nut

Hsiung Shih-li

Moser-pröll, Annemarie

Davis, Benjamin O., Jr.

Pacific Mountain System, Recreation

Eagles, The, Don Henley

Arabian Religion, South Arabia

Encyclopaedia, Contributors

Elgar, Sir Edward

Arts, Islamic, Stringed instruments

Oshkosh

Botanical Garden

Agassiz, Elizabeth Cabot

Frederick William

Pythagoras

Islam, Sacred places and days

Sunda Strait

Pendergast, Thomas J(oseph)

Deep-scattering Layer

Cost

Saramacca

Malakula

Grunt

Ancients And Moderns

Arabian Sea

Cohoba

Heinrich Julius

Hades

1848, Revolutions Of

Argentina, The conservative regime, 18801916

Auriol, Vincent

Hawke's Bay

Waco

Fracastoro, Girolamo

Medicine, Costs of health care

Frederick William

Musical Notation

Cattaraugus

Trans-kalahari Highway

Czechoslovak Region, History Of

Bach, Johann Sebastian, Early years

Ubico (castañeda), Jorge

Tapestry, Collection catalogs

Liggett Group Inc.

Altichiero

Earth, Evidence for polar wandering, continental drift, and seafloor spreading

Fence

Ear, Human, Vestibular system

Cat, Domestic

China, Attacks on party members

Nicetas Of Remesiana

Eastern Orthodoxy, God and man

Naftah

K.b.e.

Bruce Family

Buhturi, Al-

Philip I

'abd Al-malik

Západoceský

Madhubani

Heim, Albert

Aeon

Literature, United States.

Smith, Abby Hadassah; And Smith, Julia Evelina

Arabia, History Of, Himyarites

Ogden, Peter Skene

Argentina, Resources

Valadon, Suzanne

Allen, Elizabeth Anne Chase Akers

Biblical Literature, Old Testament history

Qasida

Amphibole Asbestos

Argentina, The conservative regime, 18801916